IT Interview Questions:What is TCP/IP and Explain some TCP /IP Protocol ?
Information Technology (IT) Interview Questions and Answers
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IT Interview Questions:What is TCP/IP and Explain some TCP /IP Protocol ?
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is
the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be
used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or
an extranet). When you are set up with direct access to the Internet, your
computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every other
computer that you may send messages to or get information from also has a
copy of TCP/IP.
TCP/IP is a two-layer program. The higher layer, Transmission Control
Protocol, manages the assembling of a message or file into smaller packets
that are transmitted over the Internet and received by a TCP layer that
reassembles the packets into the original message. The lower layer, Internet
Protocol, handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the
right destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this address
to see where to forward the message. Even though some packets from the same
message are routed differently than others, they'll be reassembled at the
destination.
TCP/IP uses the client/server model of communication in which a computer user
(a client) requests and is provided a service (such as sending a Web page) by
another computer (a server) in the network. TCP/IP communication is primarily
point-to-point, meaning each communication is from one point (or host
computer) in the network to another point or host computer. TCP/IP and the
higher-level applications that use it are collectively said to be "stateless"
because each client request is considered a new request unrelated to any
previous one (unlike ordinary phone conversations that require a dedicated
connection for the call duration). Being stateless frees network paths so
that everyone can use them continuously. (Note that the TCP layer itself is
not stateless as far as any one message is concerned. Its connection remains
in place until all packets in a message have been received.) Many Internet
users are familiar with the even higher layer application protocols that use
TCP/IP to get to the Internet. These include the World Wide Web's Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet (Telnet)
which lets you logon to remote computers, and the Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol (SMTP). These and other protocols are often packaged together with
TCP/IP as a "suite."
Personal computer users with an analog phone modem connection to the Internet
usually get to the Internet through the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
or the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). These protocols encapsulate the IP
packets so that they can be sent over the dial-up phone connection to an
access provider's modem.
Protocols related to TCP/IP include the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which
is used instead of TCP for special purposes. Other protocols are used by
network host computers for exchanging router information. These include the
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), the Interior Gateway Protocol
(IGP), the Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), and the Border Gateway Protocol
(BGP).
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